The puzzle itself is on Nick's website.

I spend the whole night working on the solution. It is in form of a Python code. I must now sleep.

# See http://www.qbyte.org/puzzles/puzzle01.html 3. Two Logicians

solutions = []

for x in range(2, 50): # Generate the number matrix, list of tuplets
    for y in range (x+1, 100-x):
        solutions.append((x, y, x+y, x*y))

all_numbers = solutions

print
print "There are %4d possible combinations." % len(solutions)

# Extract sums (x+y) and products (xy) from the tuples
sums, products = [], [] 
for i in solutions:
    sums.append(i[2])
    products.append(i[3])

m_uniques, m_duplicates = [], [] 
a_uniques, a_duplicates = [], [] 

for i in solutions:
    # Eval tuples where the products are unique in regard to x and y.
    if sums.count(i[2]) > 1: a_duplicates.append(i)
    else: a_uniques.append(i)

    # Eval tuples with respect to sums
    if products.count(i[3]) > 1 : m_duplicates.append(i)
    else: m_uniques.append(i)

print "          %4d unique products (xy)." % len(m_uniques)
print "          %4d duplicate products. Two or more tuples " % \
      len(m_duplicates) + "have the same products."   
print "          %4d unique sums (x+y)." % len(a_uniques)
print "          %4d duplicate sums. Two or more tuples have " % \
      len(a_duplicates) + "the same sums."   

# 1. The solutions do not contain m_uniques. P does not know the 
# combination, because of duplicity.
solutions = set(solutions) - set(m_uniques) # equals m_duplicates 
print "1. Removal of m_uniques: %d" % len(solutions)

# 2. S does not have a sum where the same sum occurs in a m_unique. 
# Otherwise S would be unsure, whether P knows the solution.
sums_m_unique = set()
for i in m_uniques: sums_m_unique.add(i[2])
for i in solutions.copy(): 
    if i[2] in sums_m_unique: solutions.remove(i)

# Only solutions are left, that are m_duplicates, and all sums occur 
# only in duplicates.
print "2. Removes tuples with sums that occur in m_uniques: %d" % \
    len(solutions)

table = list()
for i in solutions:
    table.append((i[2], i[0], i[1], i[3]))

# 3. P can determine the tuple, that means it is m_unique in the 
# reduced solution set.

# Extract products (xy) from the tuples of the reduced solution set
products = [] 
for i in solutions:
    products.append(i[3])

for i in solutions.copy():
    # Eval tuples with unique products (xy)
    if products.count(i[3]) > 1: solutions.remove(i)

print "3. Eval m_uniques in the reduced solution set: %d" % \
    len(solutions)

# 4. S can determin the tuple, meaning the set must be a_unique

# Extract sums (x+y) from the tuples of the reduced solution set
sums = [] 
for i in solutions:
    sums.append(i[2])

for i in solutions.copy():
    # Eval tuples with unique sums (x+y)
    if sums.count(i[2]) > 1: solutions.remove(i)

print "4. Eval a_uniques in the reduced solution set: %d" % \
    len(solutions)
print " x  y : x+y   xy" 
for i in sorted(solutions):
    print "%2d %2d : %3d %4d" % i


"""
print "x+y:  x  y |   xy > tuples containing xy" 
for i in sorted(table):
    tuples = list()
    for j in all_numbers:
        if i[3] == j[3]: tuples.append(j)  
    print "%3d: %2d %2d | %4d > " % i + str(tuples) 
"""

"""
for i in all_numbers:
    if i[3] == 18 or i[2] == 9 or i[2] == 11 : 
        print str(i) + " >" ,
        if i in m_uniques: print " m_unique ",
        if i in a_uniques: print " a_unique ",
        print
"""

What is the mind? A collection of thoughts, sensory impressions and psychological states.

It is a non-physical entity independent of the brain to the same extent as numbers and ideas are not dependent on their physical representation.

Mind experiment: If a mind is represented by a certain configuration of the brain, then two brains with the same configuration would represent the same mind. The two brains are identifiable as two distinct entities, the mind is the same and independent of any of both.

If a mind is independent of any given brain, then it is also independent of any brain at all.

Let's say Anne is so rich, she can afford a new flute anyway. Bob is an amazing salesman and can buy lots of toys that he will share with his friends in exchange for the flute. And Carla's labour consists of snipping her finger to activate the magical flute-making machine that she inherited from her great aunt. 

Anne's flute play delights her five-member family. Bob will share the flute with his twenty siblings and Carla has no dependant or charity that will benefit from the flute. 

The voter casts a single vote either for